安卓的低功耗蓝牙应用十分普遍了，智能手环、手表遍地都是，基本都是利用BLE通信来交互数据。BLE基本在安卓、IOS两大终端设备上都有很好支持，所以有很好发展前景。
现市面上各种手环、手表的智能设备中基本都充当"从设备"这样的角色，基本由智能设备完成蓝牙广播，由手机进行连接，然后交互数据。
根据上述方式的应用在安卓4.3、IOS 7.0的版本上就得到了支持，应用也比较广泛，园里应该有很多相关实现，大家可以自己找找，如果不愿意找，抽空再写一篇。
今天主要是为了说在安卓5.0时升级了广播相关API，园里也有一些说明，但之所以还写这篇是因为数据交换的提及很少。
既然将手机要做广播了，那么实质手机就变成手环、手表的角色，一个从设备了。
如果你愿意，可以拿另一台手机做个主设备，这样他们就可以交流了。
好了，我们进入代码正题吧...
首先应用权限设置。在AndroidManifest.xml中还是要加入BLE控制权限，不然异常一定与你为伍。
1
2
接着我们上套路了，判断手机是否支持BLE以及是否支持BLE从设备。
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1 if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
2 showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗通讯");
3 this.finish();
4 return;
5 }
6
7 bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
8
9 bluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
10
11 if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
12 showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗通讯");
13 this.finish();
14 return;
15 }
16
17 bluetoothLeAdvertiser = bluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();
18 if (bluetoothLeAdvertiser == null) {
19 showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗从设备通讯");
20 this.finish();
21 return;
22 }
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我建议你先拿你调试设备试试，大多数同学走到这里都绝望了。你问我为啥？你试试就知道了。
如果你一脸what???的话，那恭喜你，你的调试设备是被选中的孩子，让我们继续乘风破浪吧。顺便在评论里告诉我下你用啥设备哦。
这时候我们开启广播的旋风吧。
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1 //广播设置
2 AdvertiseSettings.Builder settingBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder();
3 settingBuilder.setConnectable(true);
4 settingBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_BALANCED);
5 settingBuilder.setTimeout(0); //我填过别的，但是不能广播。后来我就坚定的0了
6 settingBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH);
7 AdvertiseSettings settings = settingBuilder.build();
8
9
10 //广播参数
11 AdvertiseData.Builder dataBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder();
12 bluetoothAdapter.setName("H8-BlePpl"); //你想叫啥名字，你愿意就好
13 dataBuilder.setIncludeDeviceName(true);
14 dataBuilder.setIncludeTxPowerLevel(true);
15
16 dataBuilder.addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid.fromString(Const.UUID_SERVICE)); //可自定义UUID，看看官方有没有定义哦
17 AdvertiseData data = dataBuilder.build();
18
19 bluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(settings, data, advertiseCallback);
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然后你的小手机就开始广播了，说大家来连我啊连我啊。别总搜地址，貌似地址动态会变的，还是用名儿吧毕竟你起了啊。
我之前傻傻的查了手机蓝牙MAC地址，后来发现不是广播的那个...
广播回调我干了点新增服务的活儿，不干你拿啥通信来。
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1 private AdvertiseCallback advertiseCallback = new AdvertiseCallback() {
2 @Override
3 public void onStartSuccess(AdvertiseSettings settingsInEffect) {
4 super.onStartSuccess(settingsInEffect);
5 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
6 @Override
7 public void run() {
8 showInfo("1.1 AdvertiseCallback-onStartSuccess");
9 }
10 });
11
12
13 bluetoothGattServer = bluetoothManager.openGattServer(getApplicationContext(),
14 bluetoothGattServerCallback);
15
16 BluetoothGattService service = new BluetoothGattService(UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_SERVICE),
17 BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);
18
19 UUID UUID_CHARREAD = UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_CHARACTERISTIC);
20
21 //特征值读写设置
22 BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristicWrite = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(UUID_CHARREAD,
23 BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE |
24 BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ |
25 BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY,
26 BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
27
28 UUID UUID_DESCRIPTOR = UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG);
29
30 BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = new BluetoothGattDescriptor(UUID_DESCRIPTOR, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
31 characteristicWrite.addDescriptor(descriptor);
32 service.addCharacteristic(characteristicWrite);
33
34 bluetoothGattServer.addService(service);
35
36
37 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
38 @Override
39 public void run() {
40 showInfo("1.2. Service Builded ok");
41 }
42 });
43
44 }};
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当你收到广播成功回调后，来吧，特征值啊~~反正要通信呐~~
被你发现了我偷懒读写特征值用了一个，其实你愿意用两个就用两个吧。
我用的NOTIFICATION方式做主设备的读取，你也可用INDICATION方式做。
服务建立完成后，也会收到通知。BLE嘛~~都是异步回调~~我是习惯了!
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1 private BluetoothGattServerCallback bluetoothGattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() {
2 @Override
3 public void onServiceAdded(int status, BluetoothGattService service) {
4 super.onServiceAdded(status, service);
5
6 final String info = service.getUuid().toString();
7 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
8 @Override
9 public void run() {
10 showInfo("1.3 BluetoothGattServerCallback-onServiceAdded " + info);
11 }
12 });
13
14
15 }
16
17 @Override
18 public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int status, int newState) {
19 super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState);
20 final String info = device.getAddress() + "|" + status + "->" + newState;
21
22 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
23 @Override
24 public void run() {
25 showInfo("1.4 onConnectionStateChange " + info);
26 }
27 });
28 }
29
30 @Override
31 public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset,
32 BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
33 super.onCharacteristicReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, characteristic);
34
35
36 final String deviceInfo = "Address:" + device.getAddress();
37 final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + characteristic.getUuid() + "|Value:" +
38 Util.bytes2HexString(characteristic.getValue());
39
40 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
41 @Override
42 public void run() {
43
44 showInfo("=============================================");
45 showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
46 showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
47 showInfo("=========onCharacteristicReadRequest=========");
48
49 }
50 });
51
52 bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, characteristic.getValue());
53
54 }
55
56 @Override
57 public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
58 super.onCharacteristicWriteRequest(device, requestId, characteristic,
59 preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);
60
61 final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
62 final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + characteristic.getUuid() + "|Value:" + Util.bytes2HexString(value);
63
64
65 bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
66 //TODO:你做数据处理
67
68
69 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
70 @Override
71 public void run() {
72
73 showInfo("=============================================");
74 showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
75 showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
76 showInfo("=========onCharacteristicWriteRequest=========");
77
78 }
79 });
80
81
82 }
83
84
85 @Override
86 public void onNotificationSent(BluetoothDevice device, int status) {
87 super.onNotificationSent(device, status);
88
89 final String info = "Address:" + device.getAddress() + "|status:" + status;
90
91 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
92 @Override
93 public void run() {
94 showInfo("onNotificationSent " + info);
95 }
96 });
97 }
98
99
100 @Override
101 public void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
102 final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
103 final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + descriptor.getUuid() + "|Value:" + Util.bytes2HexString(value);
104
105 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
106 @Override
107 public void run() {
108
109 showInfo("=============================================");
110 showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
111 showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
112 showInfo("=========onDescriptorWriteRequest=========");
113
114 }
115 });
116
117
118 // 告诉连接设备做好了
119 bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
120 }
121
122 @Override
123 public void onDescriptorReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor) {
124
125 super.onDescriptorReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, descriptor);
126
127 final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
128 final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + descriptor.getUuid();
129
130
131 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
132 @Override
133 public void run() {
134
135 showInfo("=============================================");
136 showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
137 showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
138 showInfo("=========onDescriptorReadRequest=========");
139
140 }
141 });
142
143 // 告诉连接设备做好了
144 bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, null);
145
146
147 }
148
149 };
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基本上从设备就做完了。
调试的时候你用主设备查服务列表可能查不到你的UUID_SERVICE,但是别慌，你getServcie(UUID_SERVICE)试试，说不定就柳暗花明了。
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