DSP中的CMD文件是链接命令文件(Linker Command File),以.cmd为后缀。
在分析cmd文件之前,必需先了解
(1)DSP具体芯片的内存映射(Memory Map)
(2)知道点链接的知识,知道C程序中段的概念
(3)知道RAM,Flash等存储模块的区别
======================================================================
1. coff目标文件
======================================================================
coff是一种流行的二进制可执行文件格式,在CCS v5中扩展名为.out,可以直接
下载到芯片中。可执行文件包括段头、可执行代码、初始化数据、可重定位信息
和符号表字符串表等信息。
编译器处理段的过程为:
(1)把每个源文件都编译成独立目标文件(.obj),每个目标文件都有自己的段
(2)链接器将目标文件中相同段名的部分连接在一起,生成最终的coff可执行文件
CCS v5中的Compile Files完成功能(1),Build完成功能(2)。
2. TMS320C6713内存映射(略)
3. 自定义代码段和数据段
// 将symbol分配到section name指示的数据段
#pragma DATA_SECTION(symbol, "section name");
// 将symbol分配到section name指示的代码段
#pragma CODE_SECTION(symbol, "section name");
常常结合结构体定义symbol,如下,
volatile struct Symbol symbol; // Symbol预先定义好的描述特定外设的结构
比如,对于C6713中的Timer0外设,做如下定义,
struct Timer0 {
...
}
#pragma DATA_SECTION(C6713_Timer0, "C6713_Timer0_cmd");
volatile struct Timer0 C6713_Timer0;
"C6713_Timer0_cmd"将在cmd文件中分配空间。
4. cmd文件
cmd文件主要用于完成链接的功能,因此可以在cmd文件中使用链接命令,比如:
-stack 0x200 设置栈大小为0x200字节
-heap 0x200 设置堆大小为0x200字节
-l rst67xx.lib 链接rst67xx.lib库
除了链接命令外,cmd 文件还包括MEMORY和SECTOINS两部分,分别用于存储区的划分和段的分配。
MEMORY划分的格式为:
L2SRAM : o = 00000000h l = 00030000h /* L2 SRAM 192K */
o表示起始地址,l表示存储区长度(以字节为单位)
一个简单的例子(TMS320C6713为例,不同芯片不同),外设只添加了Timer0:
MEMORY
{
L2SRAM : o = 00000000h l = 00030000h /* L2 SRAM 192K */
L2CACHE : o = 00030000h l = 00010000h /* L2 Cache 64 K */
/* Peripheral */
CPU_TIMER0 : o = 01940000h l = 00040000 /* Timer0 */
EXTERNAL : o = 80000000h l = 80010000h
}
SECTIONS
{
/* Allocate program areas */
.text > L2SRAM /* code segment */
.cinit > L2SRAM /* init segment */
/* Allocate data areas */
.stack > L2SRAM
.far > L2SRAM
.switch > L2SRAM /* C switch table */
.tables > L2SRAM
.data > L2SRAM /* data segment */
.bss > L2SRAM /* data that haven't init */
.sysmem > L2SRAM
.const > L2SRAM /* string, const ... */
.cio > L2SRAM
.buffers > EXTERNAL
C6713_Timer0_cmd > CPU_TIMER0 /* Timer 0 */
}
cmd文件包括2部分 —— MEMORY与SECTIONS
MEMORY完成地址空间的划分;
SECTIONS完成地址空间的分配到具体用途(除了程序中通用段之外还可以有自定义段)。
NOTES: 平时开发时都是将程序下载到RAM空间,当要发布时需要下载到Flash空间,
此处为SRAM的cmd文件,Flash的cmd文件有所不同。
下面是TI公司DSK的cmd,可以直接参考,
/****************************************************************************/
/* C6713.cmd */
/* Copyright (c) 2010 Texas Instruments Incorporated */
/* */
/* Description: This file is a sample linker command file that can be */
/* used for linking programs built with the C compiler and */
/* running the resulting .out file on an TMS320C6713 */
/* device. Use it as a guideline. You will want to */
/* change the memory layout to match your specific C6xxx */
/* target system. You may want to change the allocation */
/* scheme according to the size of your program. */
/* */
/****************************************************************************/
-stack 0x2000
-heap 0x8000
MEMORY
{
IRAM o = 0x00000000 l = 0x00030000 /* 192kB - Internal RAM */
L2RAM o = 0x00030000 l = 0x00010000 /* 64kB - Internal RAM/CACHE */
EMIFCE0 o = 0x80000000 l = 0x10000000 /* SDRAM in 6713 DSK */
EMIFCE1 o = 0x90000000 l = 0x10000000 /* Flash/CPLD in 6713 DSK */
EMIFCE2 o = 0xA0000000 l = 0x10000000 /* Daughterboard in 6713 DSK */
EMIFCE3 o = 0xB0000000 l = 0x10000000 /* Daughterboard in 6713 DSK */
}
SECTIONS
{
.text > IRAM
.stack > IRAM
.bss > IRAM
.cio > IRAM
.const > IRAM
.data > IRAM
.switch > IRAM
.sysmem > IRAM
.far > IRAM
.args > IRAM
.ppinfo > IRAM
.ppdata > IRAM
/* COFF sections */
.pinit > IRAM
.cinit > IRAM
/* EABI sections */
.binit > IRAM
.init_array > IRAM
.neardata > IRAM
.fardata > IRAM
.rodata > IRAM
.c6xabi.exidx > IRAM
.c6xabi.extab > IRAM
}
下面再给出一个TMS320F2818的完整cmd文件例子,与6713有所不同,比如16进制格式
表示,MEMORY和SECTIONS书写等。
MEMORY
{
PAGE 0 :
PRAMH0 : origin = 0x3f8000, length = 0x001000
PAGE 1 :
/* SARAM */
RAMM0 : origin = 0x000000, length = 0x000400
RAMM1 : origin = 0x000400, length = 0x000400
/* Peripheral Frame 0: */
DEV_EMU : origin = 0x000880, length = 0x000180
FLASH_REGS : origin = 0x000A80, length = 0x000060
CSM : origin = 0x000AE0, length = 0x000010
XINTF : origin = 0x000B20, length = 0x000020
CPU_TIMER0 : origin = 0x000C00, length = 0x000008
CPU_TIMER1 : origin = 0x000C08, length = 0x000008
CPU_TIMER2 : origin = 0x000C10, length = 0x000008
PIE_CTRL : origin = 0x000CE0, length = 0x000020
PIE_VECT : origin = 0x000D00, length = 0x000100
/* Peripheral Frame 1: */
ECAN_A : origin = 0x006000, length = 0x000100
ECAN_AMBOX : origin = 0x006100, length = 0x000100
/* Peripheral Frame 2: */
SYSTEM : origin = 0x007010, length = 0x000020
SPI_A : origin = 0x007040, length = 0x000010
SCI_A : origin = 0x007050, length = 0x000010
XINTRUPT : origin = 0x007070, length = 0x000010
GPIOMUX : origin = 0x0070C0, length = 0x000020
GPIODAT : origin = 0x0070E0, length = 0x000020
ADC : origin = 0x007100, length = 0x000020
EV_A : origin = 0x007400, length = 0x000040
EV_B : origin = 0x007500, length = 0x000040
SPI_B : origin = 0x007740, length = 0x000010
SCI_B : origin = 0x007750, length = 0x000010
MCBSP_A : origin = 0x007800, length = 0x000040
/* CSM Password Locations */
CSM_PWL : origin = 0x3F7FF8, length = 0x000008
/* SARAM */
DRAMH0 : origin = 0x3f9000, length = 0x001000
}
SECTIONS
{
/* Allocate program areas: */
.reset : > PRAMH0, PAGE = 0
.text : > PRAMH0, PAGE = 0
.cinit : > PRAMH0, PAGE = 0
/* Allocate data areas: */
.stack : > RAMM1, PAGE = 1
.bss : > DRAMH0, PAGE = 1
.ebss : > DRAMH0, PAGE = 1
.const : > DRAMH0, PAGE = 1
.econst : > DRAMH0, PAGE = 1
.sysmem : > DRAMH0, PAGE = 1
/* Allocate Peripheral Frame 0 Register Structures: */
DevEmuRegsFile : > DEV_EMU, PAGE = 1
FlashRegsFile : > FLASH_REGS, PAGE = 1
CsmRegsFile : > CSM, PAGE = 1
XintfRegsFile : > XINTF, PAGE = 1
CpuTimer0RegsFile : > CPU_TIMER0, PAGE = 1
CpuTimer1RegsFile : > CPU_TIMER1, PAGE = 1
CpuTimer2RegsFile : > CPU_TIMER2, PAGE = 1
PieCtrlRegsFile : > PIE_CTRL, PAGE = 1
PieVectTable : > PIE_VECT, PAGE = 1
/* Allocate Peripheral Frame 2 Register Structures: */
ECanaRegsFile : > ECAN_A, PAGE = 1
ECanaMboxesFile : > ECAN_AMBOX PAGE = 1
/* Allocate Peripheral Frame 1 Register Structures: */
SysCtrlRegsFile : > SYSTEM, PAGE = 1
SpiaRegsFile : > SPI_A, PAGE = 1
SciaRegsFile : > SCI_A, PAGE = 1
XIntruptRegsFile : > XINTRUPT, PAGE = 1
GpioMuxRegsFile : > GPIOMUX, PAGE = 1
GpioDataRegsFile : > GPIODAT PAGE = 1
AdcRegsFile : > ADC, PAGE = 1
EvaRegsFile : > EV_A, PAGE = 1
EvbRegsFile : > EV_B, PAGE = 1
ScibRegsFile : > SCI_B, PAGE = 1
McbspaRegsFile : > MCBSP_A, PAGE = 1
/* CSM Password Locations */
CsmPwlFile : > CSM_PWL, PAGE = 1
}