This paper describes the design and fabrication
of distributed analog phase-shifter circuits. The phase shifters
consist of coplanar-waveguide (CPW) lines that are periodically
loaded with varactor diodes. The circuits are fabricated on GaAs
using standard monolithic processing techniques. The phase velocity
on these varactor diode-loaded CPW lines is a function
of applied reverse bias, thus resulting in analog phase-shifting
circuits. Optimally designed circuits exhibit 0–360 phase shift
at 20 GHz with a maximum insertion loss (IL) of 4.2 dB. To
the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest reported IL for a
solid-state analog phase shifter operating at 20 GHz.
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