Cyclone Device Handbook, Volume 1
Preliminary Information
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Contents
Chapter Revision Dates ........................................................................... xi
About this Handbook ............................................................................. xiii
How to Find Information ..................................................................................................................... xiii
How to Contact Altera .......................................................................................................................... xiii
Typographic Conventions .................................................................................................................... xiv
Section I. Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet
Revision History .................................................................................................................................... 2–1
Chapter 1. Introduction
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1–1
Features ................................................................................................................................................... 1–1
Document Revision History ................................................................................................................. 1–3
Chapter 2. Cyclone Architecture
Functional Description .......................................................................................................................... 2–1
Logic Array Blocks ................................................................................................................................ 2–3
LAB Interconnects ............................................................................................................................ 2–3
LAB Control Signals ......................................................................................................................... 2–4
Logic Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 2–5
LUT Chain and Register Chain ...................................................................................................... 2–7
addnsub Signal ................................................................................................................................. 2–7
LE Operating Modes ........................................................................................................................ 2–7
MultiTrack Interconnect ..................................................................................................................... 2–12
Embedded Memory ............................................................................................................................. 2–18
Memory Modes ............................................................................................................................... 2–18
Parity Bit Support ........................................................................................................................... 2–20
Shift Register Support .................................................................................................................... 2–20
Memory Configuration Sizes ........................................................................................................ 2–21
Byte Enables .................................................................................................................................... 2–23
Control Signals and M4K Interface .............................................................................................. 2–23
Independent Clock Mode .............................................................................................................. 2–25
Input/Output Clock Mode ........................................................................................................... 2–25
Read/Write Clock Mode ............................................................................................................... 2–28
Single-Port Mode ............................................................................................................................ 2–29
Global Clock Network and Phase-Locked Loops ........................................................................... 2–29
Global Clock Network ................................................................................................................... 2–29
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Cyclone Device Handbook, Volume 1
Dual-Purpose Clock Pins .............................................................................................................. 2–31
Combined Resources ..................................................................................................................... 2–31
PLLs .................................................................................................................................................. 2–32
Clock Multiplication and Division .............................................................................................. 2–35
External Clock Inputs .................................................................................................................... 2–36
External Clock Outputs ................................................................................................................. 2–36
Clock Feedback ............................................................................................................................... 2–37
Phase Shifting ................................................................................................................................. 2–37
Lock Detect Signal .......................................................................................................................... 2–37
Programmable Duty Cycle ........................................................................................................... 2–38
Control Signals ................................................................................................................................ 2–38
I/O Structure ........................................................................................................................................ 2–39
External RAM Interfacing ............................................................................................................. 2–46
DDR SDRAM and FCRAM ........................................................................................................... 2–46
Programmable Drive Strength ..................................................................................................... 2–49
Open-Drain Output ........................................................................................................................ 2–50
Slew-Rate Control .......................................................................................................................... 2–51
Bus Hold .......................................................................................................................................... 2–51
Programmable Pull-Up Resistor .................................................................................................. 2–51
Advanced I/O Standard Support ................................................................................................ 2–52
LVDS I/O Pins ................................................................................................................................ 2–54
MultiVolt I/O Interface ................................................................................................................. 2–54
Power Sequencing and Hot Socketing ............................................................................................. 2–55
Referenced Documents ....................................................................................................................... 2–56
Document Revision History ............................................................................................................... 2–56
Chapter 3. Configuration and Testing
IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support .............................................................................
SignalTap II Embedded Logic Analyzer ............................................................................................
Configuration .........................................................................................................................................
Operating Modes ..............................................................................................................................
Configuration Schemes ...................................................................................................................
Referenced Documents .........................................................................................................................
Document Revision History .................................................................................................................
3–1
3–5
3–5
3–6
3–6
3–7
3–7
Chapter 4. DC and Switching Characteristics
Operating Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 4–1
Power Consumption ............................................................................................................................. 4–8
Timing Model ......................................................................................................................................... 4–9
Preliminary and Final Timing ........................................................................................................ 4–9
Performance .................................................................................................................................... 4–10
Internal Timing Parameters .......................................................................................................... 4–11
External Timing Parameters ......................................................................................................... 4–15
External I/O Delay Parameters .................................................................................................... 4–21
Maximum Input and Output Clock Rates .................................................................................. 4–27
PLL Timing ...................................................................................................................................... 4–29
Referenced Document ......................................................................................................................... 4–31
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Contents
Document Revision History ............................................................................................................... 4–31
Chapter 5. Reference and Ordering Information
Software ..................................................................................................................................................
Device Pin-Outs .....................................................................................................................................
Ordering Information ...........................................................................................................................
Referenced Documents .........................................................................................................................
Document Revision History .................................................................................................................
5–1
5–1
5–1
5–2
5–2
Section II. Clock Management
Revision History .................................................................................................................................... 5–1
Chapter 6. Using PLLs in Cyclone Devices
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6–1
Hardware Overview ........................................................................................................................ 6–1
Software Overview .......................................................................................................................... 6–4
Pins and Clock Network Connections .......................................................................................... 6–6
Hardware Features ................................................................................................................................ 6–8
Clock Multiplication and Division ................................................................................................ 6–8
Phase Shifting ................................................................................................................................... 6–9
Programmable Duty Cycle ........................................................................................................... 6–10
External Clock Output ................................................................................................................... 6–11
Control Signals ................................................................................................................................ 6–12
Clock Feedback Modes ....................................................................................................................... 6–13
Normal Mode .................................................................................................................................. 6–14
Zero Delay Buffer Mode ................................................................................................................ 6–15
No Compensation .......................................................................................................................... 6–15
Pins ......................................................................................................................................................... 6–16
Board Layout ........................................................................................................................................ 6–17
VCCA and GNDA .......................................................................................................................... 6–17
Jitter Considerations ...................................................................................................................... 6–19
Specifications ........................................................................................................................................ 6–20
Software Support ................................................................................................................................. 6–20
Quartus II altpll Megafunction ..................................................................................................... 6–20
altpll Input Ports ............................................................................................................................. 6–22
altpll Output Ports ......................................................................................................................... 6–23
MegaWizard Customization ......................................................................................................... 6–23
MegaWizard Page Description ..................................................................................................... 6–25
Compilation Report ....................................................................................................................... 6–31
Timing Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 6–33
Simulation ....................................................................................................................................... 6–37
Global Clock Network ........................................................................................................................ 6–38
Dedicated Clock Input Pins .......................................................................................................... 6–40
Dual-Purpose Clock I/O Pins ...................................................................................................... 6–40
Combined Sources .......................................................................................................................... 6–41
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