µ MOTOROLA
M68000
8-/16-/32-Bit
Microprocessors User’s Manual
Ninth Edition
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©MOTOROLA INC., 1993
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph
Number
Title
Section 1
Overview
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
MC68000..................................................................................................... 1-1
MC68008..................................................................................................... 1-2
MC68010..................................................................................................... 1-2
MC68HC000................................................................................................ 1-2
MC68HC001................................................................................................ 1-3
MC68EC000 ................................................................................................ 1-3
Section 2
Introduction
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.4
2.5
Programmer's Model ................................................................................... 2-1
User's Programmer's Model .................................................................... 2-1
Supervisor Programmer's Model ............................................................. 2-2
Status Register ........................................................................................ 2-3
Data Types and Addressing Modes ............................................................ 2-3
Data Organization In Registers ................................................................... 2-5
Data Registers ......................................................................................... 2-5
Address Registers ................................................................................... 2-6
Data Organization In Memory ..................................................................... 2-6
Instruction Set Summary ............................................................................. 2-8
Section 3
Signal Description
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
Address Bus ................................................................................................ 3-3
Data Bus...................................................................................................... 3-4
Asynchronous Bus Control.......................................................................... 3-4
Bus Arbitration Control ................................................................................ 3-5
Interrupt Control .......................................................................................... 3-6
System Control............................................................................................ 3-7
M6800 Peripheral Control ........................................................................... 3-8
Processor Function Codes .......................................................................... 3-8
Clock ........................................................................................................... 3-9
Power Supply .............................................................................................. 3-9
Signal Summary ......................................................................................... 3-10
Page
Number
MOTOROLA
M68000 USER’S MANUAL
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Paragraph
Number
Title
Section 4
8-Bit Bus Operations
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.2
Data Transfer Operations............................................................................. 4-1
Read Operations ...................................................................................... 4-1
Write Cycle ............................................................................................... 4-3
Read-Modify-Write Cycle.......................................................................... 4-5
Other Bus Operations............................................................................... 4-8
Section 5
16-Bit Bus Operations
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.3
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
Data Transfer Operations............................................................................ 5-1
Read Operations ..................................................................................... 5-1
Write Cycle .............................................................................................. 5-4
Read-Modify-Write Cycle......................................................................... 5-7
CPU Space Cycle.................................................................................... 5-9
Bus Arbitration .......................................................................................... 5-11
Requesting The Bus .............................................................................. 5-14
Receiving The Bus Grant ...................................................................... 5-15
Acknowledgment of Mastership (3-Wire Arbitration Only)..................... 5-15
Bus Arbitration Control .............................................................................. 5-15
Bus Error and Halt Operation .................................................................... 5-23
Bus Error Operation .............................................................................. 5-24
Retrying The Bus Cycle......................................................................... 5-26
Halt Operation ....................................................................................... 5-27
Double Bus Fault ................................................................................... 5-28
Reset Operation ........................................................................................ 5-29
The Relationship of
DTACK, BERR,
and
HALT
......................................... 5-30
Asynchronous Operation .......................................................................... 5-32
Synchronous Operation ............................................................................ 5-35
Section 6
Exception Processing
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
Privilege Modes............................................................................................ 6-1
Supervisor Mode ...................................................................................... 6-2
User Mode ................................................................................................ 6-2
Privilege Mode Changes .......................................................................... 6-2
Reference Classification........................................................................... 6-3
Exception Processing................................................................................... 6-4
Exception Vectors .................................................................................... 6-4
Kinds Of Exceptions ................................................................................. 6-5
Multiple Exceptions................................................................................... 6-8
Page
Number
viii
M68000 USER’S MANUAL
MOTOROLA
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Paragraph
Number
Title
Section 6
Exception Processing
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.6
6.3.7
6.3.8
6.3.9
6.3.9.1
6.3.9.2
6.3.10
6.4
Exception Stack Frames.......................................................................... 6-9
Exception Processing Sequence ............................................................ 6-11
Processing of Specific Exceptions ............................................................. 6-11
Reset ...................................................................................................... 6-11
Interrupts ................................................................................................ 6-12
Uninitialized Interrupt .............................................................................. 6-13
Spurious Interrupt ................................................................................... 6-13
Instruction Traps ..................................................................................... 6-13
Illegal and Unimplemented Instructions .................................................. 6-14
Privilege Violations ................................................................................. 6-15
Tracing .................................................................................................... 6-15
Bus Errors ............................................................................................... 6-16
Bus Error ............................................................................................. 6-16
Bus Error (MC68010) .......................................................................... 6-17
Address Error ......................................................................................... 6-19
Return From Exception (MC68010) ........................................................... 6-20
Section 7
8-Bit Instruction Timing
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
Operand Effective Address Calculation Times............................................ 7-1
Move Instruction Execution Times .............................................................. 7-2
Standard Instruction Execution Times......................................................... 7-3
Immediate Instruction Execution Times ...................................................... 7-4
Single Operand Instruction Execution Times .............................................. 7-5
Shift/Rotate Instruction Execution Times .................................................... 7-6
Bit Manipulation Instruction Execution Times ............................................. 7-7
Conditional Instruction Execution Times ..................................................... 7-7
JMP, JSR, LEA, PEA, and MOVEM Instruction Execution Times............... 7-8
Multiprecision Instruction Execution Times ................................................. 7-8
Miscellaneous Instruction Execution Times ................................................ 7-9
Exception Processing Instruction Execution Times ................................... 7-10
Page
Number
MOTOROLA
M68000 USER’S MANUAL
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Paragraph
Number
Title
Section 8
16-Bit Instruction Timing
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
Operand Effective Address Calculation Times ........................................... 8-1
Move Instruction Execution Times .............................................................. 8-2
Standard Instruction Execution Times ........................................................ 8-3
Immediate Instruction Execution Times ...................................................... 8-4
Single Operand Instruction Execution Times .............................................. 8-5
Shift/Rotate Instruction Execution Times .................................................... 8-6
Bit Manipulation Instruction Execution Times ............................................. 8-7
Conditional Instruction Execution Times ..................................................... 8-7
JMP, JSR, LEA, PEA, and MOVEM Instruction Execution Times .............. 8-8
Multiprecision Instruction Execution Times ................................................. 8-8
Miscellaneous Instruction Execution Times ................................................ 8-9
Exception Processing Instruction Execution Times .................................. 8-10
Section 9
MC68010 Instruction Timing
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
Operand Effective Address Calculation Times ........................................... 9-2
Move Instruction Execution Times .............................................................. 9-2
Standard Instruction Execution Times ........................................................ 9-4
Immediate Instruction Execution Times ...................................................... 9-6
Single Operand Instruction Execution Times .............................................. 9-6
Shift/Rotate Instruction Execution Times .................................................... 9-8
Bit Manipulation Instruction Execution Times ............................................. 9-9
Conditional Instruction Execution Times ..................................................... 9-9
JMP, JSR, LEA, PEA, and MOVEM Instruction Execution Times ............ 9-10
Multiprecision Instruction Execution Times ............................................... 9-11
Miscellaneous Instruction Execution Times .............................................. 9-11
Exception Processing Instruction Execution Times .................................. 9-13
Section 10
Electrical and Thermal Characteristics
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
x
Page
Number
Maximum Ratings ..................................................................................... 10-1
Thermal Characteristics ............................................................................ 10-1
Power Considerations ............................................................................... 10-2
CMOS Considerations .............................................................................. 10-4
AC Electrical Specifications Definitions..................................................... 10-5
MC68000/68008/68010 DC Electrical Characteristics .............................. 10-7
DC Electrical Characteristics .................................................................... 10-8
AC Electrical Specifications—Clock Timing .............................................. 10-8
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