A 2IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 32, NO. 12, DECEMBER 19972089A 2.7-V GSM RF Transceiver ICTaizo Yamawaki, Masaru Kokubo, Member, IEEE, Kiyoshi Irie, Hiroaki Matsui, Kazuaki Hori, Takefumi Endou, Hiroshi Hagisawa, Tomio Furuya, Yoshimi Shimizu, Makoto Katagishi, and Julian Robert HildersleyAbstract―A 2.7-V RF transceiver IC is intended for small, lowcost global system for mobile communications (GSM) handsets. This chip includes a quadrature modulator (QMOD) and an offset phase locked loop (OPLL) in the transmit path and a dual IF receiver that consists of a low noise amplier (LNA) with an active-bias circuit, two Gilbert-cell mixers, a programmable gain linear amplier (PGA), and a quadrature demodulator (QDEM). The IC also contains frequency dividers with a very high frequ……