1 CMOS Digital Design .............................................................................. 1
1.1 Design of CMOS SRAM Cell and Array ......................................... 1
1.1.1 Plan of SRAM Cell and Array .............................................. 1
1.1.2 Design of 6 Transistor SRAM Cell....................................... 2
1.1.3 Simulations of SRAM Cell ................................................... 2
1.1.4 Layout of SRAM Cell........................................................... 3
1.1.5 Design of SRAM Array ........................................................ 4
1.1.6 Simulation of SRAM Array .................................................. 4
1.2 Design of SRAM Chip Circuit Elements.......................................... 5
1.2.1 SRAM Chip Circuit Elements............................................... 5
1.2.2 Design of Complete SRAM Chip ......................................... 8
1.2.3 Simulations of Complete SRAM Chip.................................. 10
1.2.4 Delay Extraction for SRAM Chip Write/Read
Operation............................................................................... 10
1.2.5 Re-Design of SRAM Chip for Low Power
Consumption ......................................................................... 10
Appendix.................................................................................................... 12
References.................................................................................................. 15
2 FPGA Application Design ....................................................................... 17
2.1 Design of Direct Sequence-Spread Spectrum System...................... 18
2.1.1 PN Sequence Generator........................................................ 18
2.1.2 Transmitter for Direct Sequence-Spread
Spectrum System .................................................................. 21
2.1.3 Receiver for Direct Sequence-Spread
Spectrum System .................................................................. 24
2.2 FIR Filter Design .............................................................................. 29
2.2.1 Concepts of FIR Filter .......................................................... 29
2.2.2 Low Pass FIR Filter Design.................................................. 30
2.2.3 Distributed Arithmetic Architecture ..................................... 31
2.2.4 Simulation and Synthesis Results......................................... 31
x Contents
2.3 Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithms............................................ 32
2.3.1 Concepts of DCT .................................................................. 32
2.3.2 DCT Architectures on FPGA................................................ 33
2.3.3 Scaled 1-D 8-Point DCT Architecture.................................. 34
2.3.4 Simulation and Synthesis Results......................................... 35
2.4 Convolution Codes and Viterbi Decoding ........................................ 36
2.4.1 Concepts of Convolution Codes............................................ 36
2.4.2 Viterbi Decoder..................................................................... 38
2.4.3 Simulation and Synthesis Results......................................... 40
Appendix.................................................................................................... 42
References.................................................................................................. 46
3 ASIC Design ............................................................................................. 47
3.1 ASIC Front-End Memory Design..................................................... 47
3.1.1 Introduction........................................................................... 47
3.1.2 Memory Architecture and Specifications.............................. 48
3.1.3 Implementation and Simulations.......................................... 48
3.1.4 Results Analysis and Conclusion.......................................... 49
3.2 ASIC Front-End Matrix Multiplier Design....................................... 51
3.2.1 Introduction........................................................................... 51
3.2.2 Problem Statement................................................................ 52
3.2.3 Matrix Multiplier Design ...................................................... 52
3.2.4 Implementation and Simulations.......................................... 52
3.2.5 Analysis of Results and Conclusion ..................................... 54
3.3 Physical Design of Matrix Multiplier ............................................... 57
3.3.1 Introduction to Systolic Array Matrix Multiplier ................. 57
3.3.2 Physical Design Flow............................................................ 59
3.3.3 Results and Conclusion......................................................... 78
Appendix.................................................................................................... 79
References.................................................................................................. 81
4 Analog and Mixed Signal Design............................................................ 83
4.1 Schematic Design of OPAMP........................................................... 83
4.1.1 Introduction........................................................................... 83
4.1.2 Two Stage OPAMP Design................................................... 84
4.1.3 Results................................................................................... 93
4.2 Layout Design of OPAMP ................................................................ 93
4.2.1 Introduction........................................................................... 93
4.2.2 Layout Design....................................................................... 93
4.2.3 Summary and Results ........................................................... 98
Appendix.................................................................................................... 99
References.................................................................................................. 104
About the Author ........................................................................................... 105