The Resource Handbook of ELECTRONICS

Preface

The hallmark of the CRC Press “Electronics Engineering Series” of books is their

depth of coverage on targeted subjects. Even the more general-interest publication of

the series—The Electronics Handbook—covers the entire realm of electronics in exceptional

detail.

This book is a departure from those that have gone before it. The Resource Handbook

of Electronics is intended to provide quick access to basic information, mostly

through figures and tables. For each of the 20-plus chapters, a broad-brush overview is

given, followed in most cases by extensive tabular data. The Resource Handbook of

Electronics is intended for readerswho need specific data at their fingertips, accessible

in a convenient format.

This book is intended for engineers, technicians, operators, and technical managers

involved in the specification, design, installation, operation, maintenance, and management

of electronics facilities. The book is designed to be a hands-on pocket guide

that holds solutions to specific problems. In this regard, it is a companion publication to

The Electronics Handbook and the other books in the series. For readers who need extensive

background on a given subject, The Electronics Handbook and its relatedworks

provide the necessary level of detail. For readerswho need a broad overviewof the subject

and essential data relating to it, The Resource Handbook of Electronics is the ideal

publication.

This book is organized in a logical sequence that begins with fundamental electrical

properties and builds to higher levels of sophistication from one chapter to the next.

Chapters are devoted to all of the most common components and devices, in addition to

higher-level applications of those components.

Amongthe extensive data contained in The Resource Handbook of Electronics are

• Frequency assignments—Acomplete and up-to-date listing of frequencies used

by various services in the U.S. and elsewhere

• Glossary of terms—An extensive dictionary of electronic terms, including abbreviations

and acronyms

• Conversion factors—Detailed tables covering all types of conversion requirements

in the field of electronics

The Resource Handbook of Electronics is the most detailed publication of its kind. I

trust you will find it useful on the job, day in and day out.

Jerry C. Whitaker

Morgan Hill, California

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Fundamental Electrical Properties

Introduction

Electrical Fundamentals

Conductors and Insulators

Direct Current (dc)

Alternating Current (ac)

Static Electricity

Noise in Electronic Circuits

References

Bibliography

Tabular Data

Chapter 2: International Standards and Constants

Introduction

The History of Modern Standards

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Professional Society Engineering Committees

References

Bibliography

Tabular Data

Chapter 3: Electromagnetic Spectrum

Introduction

Operating Frequency Bands

Low-End Spectrum Frequencies (1 to 1000 Hz)

Low-End Radio Frequencies (1000 to 100 kHz)

Medium-Frequency Radio (20 kHz to 2 MHz)

High-Frequency Radio (2 to 30 MHz)

Very High and Ultrahigh Frequencies (30 MHz to 3 GHz)

Microwaves (3 to 300 GHz)

Infrared, Visible, and Ultraviolet Light

X-Rays

Radio Wave Propagation

Free Space Path Loss

References

Bibliography

Tabular Data

Chapter 4: Frequency Assignment and Allocations

Introduction

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Purposes of the Union

Structure of the Union

© 2001 by CRC PRESS LLC

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

National Table of Frequency Allocations

U.S. Government Table of Frequency Allocations

Chapter 5: Light, Vision, and Photometry

Introduction

Sources of Illumination

The Spectrum

Monochrome and Color Vision

Luminosity Curve

Luminance

Luminance Discrimination

Perception of Fine Detail

Sharpness

Response to Intermittent Excitation

References

Bibliography

Tabular Data

Chapter 6: Circuit Fundamentals

Introduction

Circuit Analysis

AC Circuits

Power Relationship in AC Circuits

Complex Numbers

Phasors

Per Unit System

Principles of Resonance

Series Resonant Circuits

Parallel Resonant Circuits

Passive/Active Circuit Components

References

Bibliography

Chapter 7: Resistors and Resistive Materials

Introduction

Resistor Types

Wire-Wound Resistor

Metal Film Resistor

Carbon Film Resistor

Carbon Composition Resistor

Control and Limiting Resistors

Resistor Networks

Adjustable Resistors

Attenuators

References

Bibliography

Tabular Data

Chapter 8: Capacitance and Capacitors

Introduction

Practical Capacitors

Polarized/Nonpolarized Capacitors

Operating Losses

Film Capacitors

Foil Capacitors

Electrolytic Capacitors

Ceramic Capacitors

Polarized-Capacitor Construction

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors

Capacitor Failure Modes

Temperature Cycling

Electrolyte Failures

Capacitor Life Span

References

Bibliography

Chapter 9: Inductors and Magnetic Properties

Introduction

Electromagnetism

Magnetic Shielding

Inductors and Transformers

Losses in Inductors and Transformers

Air-Core Inductors

Ferromagnetic Cores

Shielding

References

Bibliography

Tabular Data

Chapter 10: Filter Devices and Circuits

Introduction

Filter Type

Filter Alignment

Filter Order

Filter Design Implementation

LC Filters

Electrical Resonators

Stripline technology

Electro-Mechanical Filters

Quartz Crystal Resonators

Monolithic Crystal Filters

Ceramic Filters

References

Chapter 11: Thermal Properties

Introduction

Heat Transfer Mechanisms

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

The Physics of Boiling Water

Application of Cooling Principles

Forced-Air Cooling Systems

Air-Handling System

References

Chapter 12: Semiconductor Devices

Introduction

The pn Junction

Zener Diodes and Reverse Breakdown

Current Regulators

Varistor

Bipolar Transistors

NPN and PNP Transistors

Transistor Impedance and Gain

Transistor Configurations

Switching and Inductive-Load Ratings

Noise

Field-Effect Transistors

FET Impedance and Gain

Integrated Circuits

Digital Integrated Circuits

Linear Integrated Circuits

References

Bibliography

Tabular Data

Chapter 13: Analog Circuits

Introduction

Single-Stage Transistor/FET Amplifier

Impedance and Gain

Common-Base or Common-Gate Connection

Common-Collector or Common-Drain Connection

Bias and Large Signals

Operational Amplifiers

References

Bibliography

Chapter 14: Logic Concepts and Devices

Introduction

Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion

Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Conversion

© 2001 by CRC PRESS LLC

Combinational Logic

Boolean Algebra

Logic Device Families

Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL)

Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)

NMOS and PMOS

Complementary MOS (CMOS)

Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL)

Scaling of Digital Circuit Packages

Representation of Numbers and Numerals

Nibble

Byte

Word

Negative Numbers

Floating Point

Compare

Jump

Errors in Digital Systems

Error Detection and Correction

Error Concealment

References

Bibliography

Chapter 15: Amplitude Modulation

Introduction

Fundamental Principles

High-Level AM Modulation

Vestigial-Sideband Amplitude Modulation (VSBAM)

Single-Sideband Amplitude Modulation (SSBAM)

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

References

Bibliography

Chapter 16: Frequency Modulation

Introduction

Modulation Index

Phase Modulation

Modifying FM Waves

Preemphasis and Deemphasis

Modulation Circuits

Direct-FM Modulator

VCO Direct-FM Modulator

References

Bibliography

Chapter 17: Pulse Modulation

Introduction

Digital Modulation Systems

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

© 2001 by CRC PRESS LLC

Pulse Time Modulation (PTM)

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

Delta Modulation (DM)

Digital Coding Systems

Baseband Digital Pulse Modulation

References

Bibliography

Chapter 18: Network Communications

Introduction

Physical Layer

Installation Considerations

Data Link Layer

Installation Considerations

Network Layer

Installation Considerations

Transport Layer

Installation Considerations

Session Layer

Installation Considerations

Presentation Layer

Installation Considerations

Application Layer

Installation Considerations

Transmission System Options

System Design Alternatives

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Time Division Multiplexing

Wave(length) Division Multiplexing

Selecting Cable for Digital Signals

Data Patch Panel

Bibliography

Chapter 19: Optical Devices and Systems

Introduction

Types of Fibers

Step Index Multi-mode Fiber

Step Index Single (Mono) -mode Fiber

Graded Index Multi-mode Fiber

Characteristics of Attenuation

Types of Cable

Breakout Design

MFPT, Central Loose Tube Design

MFPT, Stranded Loose Tube Design

SFPT, Stranded Loose Tube Design

Star, or Slotted Core, Design

Tight Tube, or Stuffed, Design

Application Considerations

Specifying Fiber-Optic Cable

© 2001 by CRC PRESS LLC

Installation Specifications

Environmental Specifications

Fiber Optic Connectors

Connector Properties

Performance Considerations

Bibliography

Chapter 20: System Reliability

Introduction

Terminology

Quality Assurance

Inspection Process

Reliability Evaluation

Parts-Count Method

Stress-Analysis Method

Failure Analysis

Standardization

Reliability Analysis

Statistical Reliability

Roller-Coaster Hazard Rate

Environmental Stress Screening

Latent Defects

Operating Environment

Failure Modes

Maintenance Considerations

Common-Mode Failure

Spare Parts

ISO 9000 Series

References

Chapter 21: Glossary of Terms

Chapter 22: Abbreviations and Acronyms

Chapter 23: Conversion Factors

Standard Units

Standard Prefixes

Common Standard Units

Conversion Reference Data