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Atmel M90E36A

Enhanced Poly-Phase High-Performance Wide-Span

Energy Metering IC

DATASHEET

FEATURES

Metering Features

•

Metering features fully in compliance with the requirements of IEC62052-11,

IEC62053-22 and IEC62053-23, ANSI C12.1 and ANSI C12.20; applicable in class

0.2S, 0.5S or class 1 poly-phase watt-hour meter or class 2 poly-phase var-hour

meter.

•

Accuracy of

±0.1%

for active energy and

±0.2%

for reactive energy over the

dynamic range of 6000:1.

•

Temperature coefficient is 6 ppm/

℃

(typical) for on-chip reference voltage.

•

Single-point calibration on each phase over the whole dynamic range for active

energy; no calibration needed for reactive/apparent energy.

•

±1 ℃

(typical) temperature sensor accuracy.

•

Electrical parameters measurement: less than

±0.5%

fiducial error for Vrms, Irms,

mean active/ reactive/ apparent power, frequency, power factor and phase angle.

•

Active (forward/reverse), reactive (forward/reverse), apparent energy with indepen-

dent energy registers. Active/ reactive/ apparent energy can be output by pulse or

read through energy registers to adapt to different applications.

•

Programmable startup and no-load power threshold, special designed of startup

and no-load circuits to eliminate crosstalk among phases achieving better accuracy

especially at low power conditions.

•

Dedicated ADC and different gains for phase A/B/C and Neutral line current sam-

pling circuits. Current sampled over current transformer (CT) or Rogowski coil (di/dt

coil); phase A/B/C voltage sampled over resistor divider network or potential trans-

former (PT).

•

Programmable power modes: Normal mode (N mode), Idle mode (I mode), Detec-

tion mode (D mode) and Partial Measurement mode (M mode).

•

Fundamental (CF3, 0.2%) and harmonic (CF4, 1%) active energy with dedicated

energy and power registers.

•

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) functions for

2 ~ 32 order harmonic component. THD and DFT results available in SPI accessible

registers. Both voltage and current of all phases processed within the same time

period.

•

Event detection: sag, phase loss, reverse voltage/ current phase sequence, reverse

flow, calculated neutral line current I

overcurrent sampled neutral line current I

overcurrent and THD+N over-threshold.

Other Features

•

3.3V single power supply. Operating voltage range: 2.8V~3.6V. Metering accuracy

guaranteed within 3.0V~3.6V.

•

Four-wire SPI interface with Direct Memory Access (DMA) mode to stream out 7-

channel ADC raw data.

•

Parameter diagnosis function and programmable interrupt output of the IRQ inter-

Atmel-46004B-SE-M90E36A-Datasheet_021215

•

rupt signals and the WarnOut signal.

Programmable voltage sag detection and zero-crossing output.

CF1/CF2/CF3/CF4 output active/ reactive/ apparent energy pulses and fundamental/ harmonic energy pulses

respectively.

Crystal oscillator frequency: 16.384 MHz. On-chip two capacitors and no need of external capacitors.

TQFP48 package.

Operating temperature: -40

℃

~ +85

℃

APPLICATION

•

Poly-phase energy meters of class 0.2S, 0.5S and class 1 which are used in three-phase four-wire (3P4W, Y0) or

three-phase three-wire (3P3W, Y or

Δ)

systems.

•

Data Acquisition Terminal.

•

Power monitoring instruments which need to measure voltage, current, THD, DFT, mean power, etc.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The M90E36A is a poly-phase high performance wide-dynamic range metering IC. The M90E36A incorporates 7 indepen-

dent 2nd order sigma-delta ADCs, which could be employed in three voltage channels (phase A, B and C) and four current

channels (phase A, B, C and neutral line) in a typical three-phase four-wire system.

The M90E36A has an embedded DSP which executes calculation of active energy, reactive energy, apparent energy, fun-

damental and harmonic active energy over ADC signal and on-chip reference voltage. The DSP also calculates measure-

ment parameters such as voltage and current RMS value as well as mean active/reactive/apparent power.

A four-wire SPI interface is provided between the M90E36A and the external microcontroller. In addition, DMA mode can

be used for 7-channel ADC raw data access, offering more flexibility in system application.

The M90E36A is suitable for poly-phase multi-function meters which could measure active/reactive/apparent energy and

fundamental/harmonic energy either through four independent energy pulse outputs CF1/CF2/CF3/CF4 or through the cor-

responding registers.

With the on-chip THD and DFT engine, all phases' THD and DFT results can be directly accessed through related regis-

ters, thus simplifying hardware design in Data Acquisition Terminals.

The proprietary ADC and auto-temperature compensation technology for reference voltage ensure the M90E36A's long-

term stability over variations in grid and ambient environment conditions.

M90E36A [Datasheet]

Atmel-46004B-SE-M90E36A-Datasheet_021215

BLOCK DIAGRAM

OSCI

OSCO

RESET

PM1

PM0

Power On Reset

Power Mode

Configuration

Current Detector

VDD18 Regulator

Crystal Oscillator

I1P / I1N

I2P / I2N

I3P / I3N

I4P / I4N

V1P / V1N

V2P / V2N

V3P / V3N

ADC-I1

ADC-I2

ADC-I3

ADC-IN

ADC-V1

ADC-V2

ADC-V3

Temperature Sensor

Energy Metering

(Forward/Reverse

Active/Reactive/CF Generator)

CF Out

CF1

CF2

CF3

CF4

ZX0

ZX1

ZX2

WarnOut

IRQ0

IRQ1

DSP

Measure and Monitoring

(V/I/rms / SAG / Phase /

Frequency)

Signal Analyzer

ADC Sample Capture / THD

Zero

Crossing

Warn

Out

IRQ

SPI Interface

Control Logic

DMA

SCLK

SDO

SDI

DMA_CTRL

Vref

Reference Voltage

Figure-1 M90E36A Block Diagram

M90E36A [DATASHEET]

Atmel-46004B-SE-M90E36A-Datasheet_021215

Ta bl e of Cont en ts

FEATURES .......................................................................................................................................... 1

APPLICATION ..................................................................................................................................... 2

GENERAL DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................... 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM............................................................................................................................... 3

1 PIN ASSIGNMENT .......................................................................................................................... 8

2 PIN DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................... 9

3 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................... 11

3.1 POWER SUPPLY ...................................................................................................................................................11

3.2 CLOCK ...................................................................................................................................................................11

3.3 RESET ....................................................................................................................................................................11

3.3.1 RESET Pin .................................................................................................................................................. 11

3.3.2 Power On Reset (POR) ............................................................................................................................. 11

3.3.3 Software Reset .......................................................................................................................................... 11

3.4 METERING FUNCTION .........................................................................................................................................12

3.4.1 Theory of Energy Registers ..................................................................................................................... 12

3.4.2 Energy Registers ....................................................................................................................................... 14

3.4.3 Energy Pulse Output ................................................................................................................................. 14

3.4.4 Startup and No-load Power ...................................................................................................................... 15

3.5 MEASUREMENT FUNCTION ................................................................................................................................16

3.5.1 Active/ Reactive/ Apparent Power ........................................................................................................... 16

3.5.2 Fundamental / Harmonic Active Power ................................................................................................... 16

3.5.3 Mean Power Factor (PF) ........................................................................................................................... 16

3.5.4 Voltage / Current RMS .............................................................................................................................. 16

3.5.5 Phase Angle ............................................................................................................................................... 17

3.5.6 Frequency .................................................................................................................................................. 17

3.5.7 Temperature .............................................................................................................................................. 17

3.5.8 THD+N for Voltage and Current ............................................................................................................... 17

3.6 FOURIER ANALYSIS FUNCTION .........................................................................................................................18

3.7 POWER MODE ......................................................................................................................................................19

3.7.1 Normal Mode (N Mode) ............................................................................................................................. 19

3.7.2 Idle Mode (I Mode) ..................................................................................................................................... 20

3.7.3 Detection Mode (D Mode) ......................................................................................................................... 22

3.7.4 Partial Measurement mode (M Mode) ...................................................................................................... 23

3.7.5 Transition of Power Modes ...................................................................................................................... 24

3.8 EVENT DETECTION ..............................................................................................................................................25

3.8.1 Zero-Crossing Detection .......................................................................................................................... 25

3.8.2 Sag Detection ............................................................................................................................................ 25

3.8.3 Phase Loss Detection ............................................................................................................................... 25

3.8.4 Neutral Line Overcurrent Detection ........................................................................................................ 25

3.8.5 Phase Sequence Error Detection ............................................................................................................ 25

3.9 DC AND CURRENT RMS ESTIMATION ...............................................................................................................25

4 SPI / DMA INTERFACE ................................................................................................................. 26

4.1 INTERFACE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................26

4.2 SLAVE MODE: SPI INTERFACE ..........................................................................................................................27

4.2.1 SPI Slave Interface Format ....................................................................................................................... 27

4.2.2 Reliability Enhancement Feature ............................................................................................................. 28

M90E36A [DATASHEET]

Atmel-46004B-SE-M90E36A-Datasheet_021215

4.3 MASTER MODE: DMA ..........................................................................................................................................28

4.3.1 DMA Burst Transfer for ADC Sampling .................................................................................................. 28

4.3.2 Control Sequence for External Device .................................................................................................... 30

5 CALIBRATION METHOD .............................................................................................................. 31

5.1 NORMAL MODE OPERATION CALIBRATION ....................................................................................................31

5.2 PARTIAL MEASUREMENT MODE CALIBRATION .............................................................................................31

6 REGISTER ..................................................................................................................................... 32

6.1 REGISTER LIST ....................................................................................................................................................32

6.2 SPECIAL REGISTERS ..........................................................................................................................................40

6.2.1 Soft Reset Register ................................................................................................................................... 40

6.2.2 IRQ and WarnOut Signal Generation ...................................................................................................... 40

6.2.3 Special Configuration Registers .............................................................................................................. 45

6.2.4 Last SPI Data Register .............................................................................................................................. 48

6.3 LOW-POWER MODES REGISTERS ....................................................................................................................49

6.3.1 Detection Mode Registers ........................................................................................................................ 49

6.3.2 Partial Measurement mode Registers ..................................................................................................... 52

6.4 CONFIGURATION AND CALIBRATION REGISTERS .........................................................................................55

6.4.1 Start Registers and Associated Checksum Operation Scheme ........................................................... 55

6.4.2 Configuration Registers ........................................................................................................................... 56

6.4.3 Energy Calibration Registers ................................................................................................................... 61

6.4.4 Fundamental/Harmonic Energy Calibration registers ........................................................................... 63

6.4.5 Measurement Calibration ......................................................................................................................... 64

6.5 ENERGY REGISTER .............................................................................................................................................65

6.5.1 Regular Energy Registers ........................................................................................................................ 65

6.5.2 Fundamental / Harmonic Energy Register .............................................................................................. 67

6.6 MEASUREMENT REGISTERS ..............................................................................................................................68

6.6.1 Power and Power Factor Registers ......................................................................................................... 68

6.6.2 Fundamental/ Harmonic Power and Voltage/ Current RMS Registers ................................................. 69

6.6.3 THD+N, Frequency, Angle and Temperature Registers ........................................................................ 70

6.7 HARMONIC FOURIER ANALYSIS REGISTERS ..................................................................................................71

7 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION .................................................................................................... 73

7.1 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION ............................................................................................................................73

7.2 METERING/ MEASUREMENT ACCURACY .........................................................................................................75

7.2.1 Metering Accuracy .................................................................................................................................... 75

7.2.2 Measurement Accuracy ............................................................................................................................ 76

7.3 INTERFACE TIMING .............................................................................................................................................78

7.3.1 SPI Interface Timing (Slave Mode) .......................................................................................................... 78

7.3.2 DMA Timing (Master Mode) ...................................................................................................................... 79

7.4 POWER ON RESET TIMING .................................................................................................................................80

7.5 ZERO-CROSSING TIMING ....................................................................................................................................81

7.6 VOLTAGE SAG AND PHASE LOSS TIMING .......................................................................................................82

7.7 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING ..........................................................................................................................83

ORDERING INFORMATION .............................................................................................................. 84

PACKAGE DIMENSIONS .................................................................................................................. 85

REVISION HISTORY ......................................................................................................................... 86

M90E36A [DATASHEET]

Atmel-46004B-SE-M90E36A-Datasheet_021215