Order this document by TL431/D
TL431, A, B
Programmable
Precision References
The TL431, A, B integrated circuits are three–terminal programmable
shunt regulator diodes. These monolithic IC voltage references operate as a
low temperature coefficient zener which is programmable from Vref to 36 V
with two external resistors. These devices exhibit a wide operating current
range of 1.0 mA to 100 mA with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22
Ω.
The
characteristics of these references make them excellent replacements for
zener diodes in many applications such as digital voltmeters, power
supplies, and op amp circuitry. The 2.5 V reference makes it convenient to
obtain a stable reference from 5.0 V logic supplies, and since the TL431, A,
B operates as a shunt regulator, it can be used as either a positive or
negative voltage reference.
Series
PROGRAMMABLE
PRECISION REFERENCES
SEMICONDUCTOR
TECHNICAL DATA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Programmable Output Voltage to 36 V
Voltage Reference Tolerance:
±0.4%,
Typ @ 25°C (TL431B)
Low Dynamic Output Impedance, 0.22
Ω
Typical
Sink Current Capability of 1.0 mA to 100 mA
Equivalent Full–Range Temperature Coefficient of 50 ppm/°C Typical
Temperature Compensated for Operation over Full Rated Operating
Temperature Range
Low Output Noise Voltage
LP SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 29
(TO–92)
1
2
3
Pin 1. Reference
2. Anode
3. Cathode
8
1
P SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 626
8
1
DM SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 846A
(Micro–8)
Cathode 1
N/C 2
N/C 3
N/C 4
(Top View)
8 Reference
7 N/C
6 Anode
5 N/C
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
TL431CLP, ACLP, BCLP
TL431CP, ACP, BCP
TL431CDM, ACDM, BCDM
TL431CD, ACD, BCD
TL431ILP, AILP, BILP
TL431IP, AIP, BIP
TL431IDM, AIDM, BIDM
TL431ID, AID, BID
TA = –40° to +85°C
40°
85°C
TA = 0° to +70°C
70°C
Operating
Temperature Range
Package
TO–92
Plastic
Micro–8
D SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 751
(SOP–8)
Cathode 1
Anode
2
3
N/C 4
(Top View)
8
1
8
7
6
5
Reference
Anode
N/C
SOP–8
TO–92
Plastic
Micro–8
SOP–8
©
Motorola, Inc. 1998
Rev 6
SOP–8 is an internally modified SO–8 package. Pins 2,
3, 6 and 7 are electrically common to the die attach flag.
This internal lead frame modification decreases power
dissipation capability when appropriately mounted on a
printed circuit board. SOP–8 conforms to all external
dimensions of the standard SO–8 package.
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
1
TL431, A, B Series
Symbol
Cathode
(K)
Reference
(R)
800
Anode
(A)
Reference
(R)
800
20 pF
Representative Schematic Diagram
Component values are nominal
Cathode (K)
Representative Block Diagram
Reference
(R)
Cathode
(K)
2.4 k
3.28 k
20 pF
7.2 k
150
4.0 k
10 k
+
–
2.5 Vref
1.0 k
800
Anode (A)
Anode (A)
This device contains 12 active transistors.
MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Full operating ambient temperature range applies, unless
otherwise noted.)
Rating
Cathode to Anode Voltage
Cathode Current Range, Continuous
Reference Input Current Range, Continuous
Operating Junction Temperature
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
TL431I, TL431AI, TL431BI
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431BC
Storage Temperature Range
Total Power Dissipation @ TA = 25°C
Derate above 25°C Ambient Temperature
D, LP Suffix Plastic Package
P Suffix Plastic Package
DM Suffix Plastic Package
Total Power Dissipation @ TC = 25°C
Derate above 25°C Case Temperature
D, LP Suffix Plastic Package
P Suffix Plastic Package
NOTE:
ESD data available upon request.
Symbol
VKA
IK
Iref
TJ
TA
Value
37
–100 to +150
–0.05 to +10
150
–40 to +85
0 to +70
Unit
V
mA
mA
°C
°C
Tstg
PD
–65 to +150
°C
W
0.70
1.10
0.52
PD
1.5
3.0
W
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Condition
Cathode to Anode Voltage
Cathode Current
Symbol
VKA
IK
Min
Vref
1.0
Max
36
100
Unit
V
mA
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case
Symbol
R
θJA
R
θJC
D, LP Suffix
Package
178
83
P Suffix
Package
114
41
DM Suffix
Package
240
–
Unit
°C/W
°C/W
2
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
TL431, A, B Series
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
TL431I
Characteristic
Ch
i i
Reference Input Voltage (Figure 1)
VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA
TA = 25°C
TA = Tlow to Thigh (Note 1)
Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over
Temperature Range (Figure 1, Notes 1, 2)
VKA= Vref, IK = 10 mA
Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage
to Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage
IK = 10 mA (Figure 2),
∆V
KA = 10 V to Vref
∆V
KA = 36 V to 10 V
Reference Input Current (Figure 2)
IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
∞
TA = 25°C
TA = Tlow to Thigh (Note 1)
Reference Input Current Deviation Over
Temperature Range (Figure 2, Note 1, 4)
IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
∞
Minimum Cathode Current For Regulation
VKA = Vref (Figure 1)
Off–State Cathode Current (Figure 3)
VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 V
Dynamic Impedance (Figure 1, Note 3)
VKA = Vref,
∆I
K = 1.0 mA to 100 mA
f
≤
1.0 kHz
Symbol
S b l
Vref
2.44
2.41
∆V
ref
–
2.495
–
7.0
2.55
2.58
–
2.44
2.423
–
2.495
–
3.0
2.55
2.567
–
mV
Min
Typ
Max
Min
TL431C
Typ
Max
Unit
V
D
Vref
D
VKA
–
–
Iref
–
–
∆I
ref
–
1.8
–
0.8
4.0
6.5
2.5
–
–
–
1.8
–
0.4
4.0
5.2
1.2
–1.4
–1.0
–2.7
–2.0
–
–
–1.4
–1.0
–2.7
–2.0
mV/V
µA
µA
Imin
Ioff
|ZKA|
–
–
–
0.5
260
0.22
1.0
1000
0.5
–
–
–
0.5
2.6
0.22
1.0
1000
0.5
mA
nA
Ω
NOTES:
1. Tlow = –40°C for TL431AIP TL431AILP, TL431IP, TL431ILP, TL431BID, TL431BIP, TL431BILP, TL431AIDM, TL431IDM, TL431BIDM
= 0°C for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431CP, TL431CLP, TL431CD, TL431ACD, TL431BCD, TL431BCP, TL431BCLP, TL431CDM,
TL431ACDM, TL431BCDM
Thigh = +85°C for TL431AIP, TL431AILP, TL431IP, TL431ILP, TL431BID, TL431BIP, TL431BILP, TL431IDM, TL431AIDM, TL431BIDM
= +70°C for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431CP, TL431ACD, TL431BCD, TL431BCP, TL431BCLP, TL431CDM, TL431ACDM, TL431BCDM
2. The deviation parameter
∆V
ref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full operating ambient
temperature range that applies.
Vref max
∆V
ref = Vref max
–Vref min
∆T
A = T2 – T1
Vref min
T1
T2
Ambient Temperature
The average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage,
αV
ref is defined as:
D
Vref
V
ppm
ref
_
C
x 10 6
ref
D
TA
(V
@ 25
_
C)
A ref
αV
ref can be positive or negative depending on whether Vref Min or Vref Max occurs at the lower ambient temperature. (Refer to Figure 6.)
+
V
ref
@ 25
_
C
X 10 6
+
D
T
V
ref
D
V
Example :
D
V
+
8.0 mV and slope is positive,
V
@ 25
_
C
+
2.495 V,
D
T
+
70
_
C
ref
A
ref
a
3. The dynamic impedance ZKA is defined as |Z KA|
K
When the device is programmed with two external resistors, R1 and R2, (refer to Figure 2) the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:
|Z
KA
|
+
DD
VIKA
+
0.008 x 106
+
45.8 ppm
_
C
70 (2.495)
[
|ZKA|
1
)
R1
R2
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
3
TL431, A, B Series
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
TL431AI
Characteristic
Ch
i i
Reference Input Voltage (Figure 1)
VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA
TA = 25°C
TA = Tlow to Thigh
Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over
Temperature Range (Figure 1, Notes 1, 2)
VKA= Vref, IK = 10 mA
Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage
to Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage
IK = 10 mA (Figure 2),
∆V
KA = 10 V to Vref
∆V
KA = 36 V to 10 V
Reference Input Current (Figure 2)
IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
∞
TA = 25°C
TA = Tlow to Thigh (Note 1)
Reference Input Current Deviation Over
Temperature Range (Figure 2, Note 1)
IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
∞
Minimum Cathode Current For Regulation
VKA = Vref (Figure 1)
Off–State Cathode Current (Figure 3)
VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 V
Dynamic Impedance (Figure 1, Note 3)
VKA = Vref,
∆I
K = 1.0 mA to 100 mA
f
≤
1.0 kHz
Symbol
S b l
Vref
2.47
2.44
∆V
ref
–
2.495
–
7.0
2.52
2.55
–
2.47
2.453
–
2.495
–
3.0
2.52
2.537
–
2.483
2.475
–
2.495
2.495
3.0
2.507
2.515
–
mV
Min
Typ
Max
Min
TL431AC
Typ
Max
Min
TL431B
Typ
Max
Unit
V
D
Vref
D
VKA
–
–
∆I
ref
–
–
∆I
ref
–
1.8
–
0.8
4.0
6.5
2.5
–
–
–
1.8
–
0.4
4.0
5.2
1.2
–
–
–
1.1
–
0.4
2.0
4.0
1.2
–1.4
–1.0
–2.7
–2.0
–
–
–1.4
–1.0
–2.7
–2.0
–
–
–1.4
–1.0
–2.7
–2.0
mV/V
µA
µA
Imin
Ioff
|ZKA|
–
–
–
0.5
260
0.22
1.0
1000
0.5
–
–
–
0.5
260
0.22
1.0
1000
0.5
–
–
–
0.5
230
0.14
1.0
500
0.3
mA
nA
Ω
NOTES:
1. Tlow = –40°C for TL431AIP TL431AILP, TL431IP, TL431ILP, TL431BID, TL431BIP, TL431BILP, TL431AIDM, TL431IDM, TL431BIDM
= 0°C for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431CP, TL431CLP, TL431CD, TL431ACD, TL431BCD, TL431BCP, TL431BCLP, TL431CDM,
TL431ACDM, TL431BCDM
Thigh = +85°C for TL431AIP, TL431AILP, TL431IP, TL431ILP, TL431BID, TL431BIP, TL431BILP, TL431IDM, TL431AIDM, TL431BIDM
= +70°C for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431CP, TL431ACD, TL431BCD, TL431BCP, TL431BCLP, TL431CDM, TL431ACDM, TL431BCDM
2. The deviation parameter
∆V
ref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full operating ambient
temperature range that applies.
Vref max
∆V
ref = Vref max
–Vref min
∆T
A = T2 – T1
Vref min
T1
T2
Ambient Temperature
The average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage,
αV
ref is defined as:
D
Vref
V
ppm
ref
_
C
x 10 6
ref
D
TA
(V
@ 25
_
C)
A ref
αV
ref can be positive or negative depending on whether Vref Min or Vref Max occurs at the lower ambient temperature. (Refer to Figure 6.)
+
V
ref
@ 25
_
C
X 10 6
+
D
T
V
ref
D
V
Example :
D
V
+
8.0 mV and slope is positive,
V
@ 25
_
C
+
2.495 V,
D
T
+
70
_
C
ref
A
ref
a
3. The dynamic impedance ZKA is defined as |Z KA|
K
When the device is programmed with two external resistors, R1 and R2, (refer to Figure 2) the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:
|Z
KA
|
+
DD
VIKA
+
0.008 x 106
+
45.8 ppm
_
C
70 (2.495)
[
|ZKA|
1
)
R1
R2
4
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
TL431, A, B Series
Figure 1. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref
Input
VKA
Figure 2. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref
Input
R1
Iref
IK
VKA
Figure 3. Test Circuit for Ioff
Input
Ioff
VKA
IK
Vref
R2
Vref
V
KA
+
V
ref
1
)
R1
)
I
ref
S
R1
R2
Figure 4. Cathode Current versus
Cathode Voltage
150
IK , CATHODE CURRENT (mA)
IK , CATHODE CURRENT (
µ
A)
100
50
0
–50
–100
–2.0
VKA = Vref
TA = 25°C
Input
VKA
IK
800
600 Input
400
200
0
Figure 5. Cathode Current versus
Cathode Voltage
VKA = Vref
TA = 25°C
VKA
IK
IMin
–1.0
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
–200
–1.0
0
1.0
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
2.0
3.0
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 6. Reference Input Voltage versus
Ambient Temperature
Vref , REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
2580
2560
2540
2520
2500
2480
2460
2440
2420
2400
–55
–25
0
25
50
75
100
125
Vref Min = 2440 mV
Vref Typ = 2495 mV
Input
Vref
Iref , REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT (
µ
A)
2600
VKA
IKVKA = Vref
IK = 10 mA
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
Figure 7. Reference Input Current versus
Ambient Temperature
Vref Max = 2550 mV
IK = 10 mA
1.0
0.5
0
–55
–25
0
25
50
75
100
125
Input
10k Iref
VKA
IK
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
5
