【51单片机快速入门指南】4.4.3:Madgwick AHRS 九轴姿态融合获取四元数、欧拉角
2022-07-15 来源:csdn
STC15F2K60S2 22.1184MHz
Keil uVision V5.29.0.0
PK51 Prof.Developers Kit Version:9.60.0.0
上位机:Vofa+ 1.3.10
移植自AHRS —— LOXO,算法作者:SOH Madgwick
传感器的方向
源码
所用MCU为STC15F2K60S2 使用内部RC时钟,22.1184MHz
stdint.h见【51单片机快速入门指南】1:基础知识和工程创建
软件I2C程序见【51单片机快速入门指南】4: 软件 I2C
串口部分见【51单片机快速入门指南】3.3:USART 串口通信
MPU6050驱动程序见【51单片机快速入门指南】4.3: I2C读取MPU6050陀螺仪的原始数据
HMC5883L/QMC5883L驱动程序见【51单片机快速入门指南】4.4:I2C 读取HMC5883L / QMC5883L 磁力计
磁力计的椭球拟合校准见【51单片机快速入门指南】4.4.1:python串口接收磁力计数据并进行最小二乘法椭球拟合
beta要按需调整,我这里取1.0
Madgwick_9.c
//=====================================================================================================
//
// Implementation of Madgwick's IMU and AHRS algorithms.
// See: http://www.x-io.co.uk/node/8#open_source_ahrs_and_imu_algorithms
//
// Date Author Notes
// 29/09/2011 SOH Madgwick Initial release
// 02/10/2011 SOH Madgwick Optimised for reduced CPU load
// 19/02/2012 SOH Madgwick Magnetometer measurement is normalised
//
//=====================================================================================================
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Header files
#include #include 'MPU6050.h' //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Definitions #define beta 1.0f // 2 * proportional gain (Kp) //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Variable definitions float q0 = 1.0f, q1 = 0.0f, q2 = 0.0f, q3 = 0.0f; // quaternion of sensor frame relative to auxiliary frame float Pitch = 0.0f, Roll = 0.0f, Yaw = 0.0f; //==================================================================================================== // Functions float sampleFreq = 1; float GYRO_K = 1; void MPU6050_Madgwick_Init(float loop_ms) { sampleFreq = 1000. / loop_ms; //sample frequency in Hz switch((MPU_Read_Byte(MPU_GYRO_CFG_REG) >> 3) & 3) { case 0: GYRO_K = 1./131/57.3; break; case 1: GYRO_K = 1./65.5/57.3; break; case 2: GYRO_K = 1./32.8/57.3; break; case 3: GYRO_K = 1./16.4/57.3; break; } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Fast inverse square-root // See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_inverse_square_root float invSqrt(float x) { float halfx = 0.5f * x; float y = x; long i = *(long*)&y; i = 0x5f3759df - (i>>1); y = *(float*)&i; y = y * (1.5f - (halfx * y * y)); return y; } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // AHRS algorithm update //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // IMU algorithm update void MadgwickAHRSupdate_6(float gx, float gy, float gz, float ax, float ay, float az) { float recipNorm; float s0, s1, s2, s3; float qDot1, qDot2, qDot3, qDot4; float _2q0, _2q1, _2q2, _2q3, _4q0, _4q1, _4q2 ,_8q1, _8q2, q0q0, q1q1, q2q2, q3q3; //将陀螺仪AD值转换为 弧度/s gx = gx * GYRO_K; gy = gy * GYRO_K; gz = gz * GYRO_K; // Rate of change of quaternion from gyroscope qDot1 = 0.5f * (-q1 * gx - q2 * gy - q3 * gz); qDot2 = 0.5f * (q0 * gx + q2 * gz - q3 * gy); qDot3 = 0.5f * (q0 * gy - q1 * gz + q3 * gx); qDot4 = 0.5f * (q0 * gz + q1 * gy - q2 * gx); // Compute feedback only if accelerometer measurement valid (avoids NaN in accelerometer normalisation) if(!((ax == 0.0f) && (ay == 0.0f) && (az == 0.0f))) { // Normalise accelerometer measurement recipNorm = invSqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay + az * az); ax *= recipNorm; ay *= recipNorm; az *= recipNorm; // Auxiliary variables to avoid repeated arithmetic _2q0 = 2.0f * q0; _2q1 = 2.0f * q1; _2q2 = 2.0f * q2; _2q3 = 2.0f * q3; _4q0 = 4.0f * q0; _4q1 = 4.0f * q1; _4q2 = 4.0f * q2; _8q1 = 8.0f * q1; _8q2 = 8.0f * q2; q0q0 = q0 * q0; q1q1 = q1 * q1; q2q2 = q2 * q2; q3q3 = q3 * q3; // Gradient decent algorithm corrective step s0 = _4q0 * q2q2 + _2q2 * ax + _4q0 * q1q1 - _2q1 * ay; s1 = _4q1 * q3q3 - _2q3 * ax + 4.0f * q0q0 * q1 - _2q0 * ay - _4q1 + _8q1 * q1q1 + _8q1 * q2q2 + _4q1 * az; s2 = 4.0f * q0q0 * q2 + _2q0 * ax + _4q2 * q3q3 - _2q3 * ay - _4q2 + _8q2 * q1q1 + _8q2 * q2q2 + _4q2 * az; s3 = 4.0f * q1q1 * q3 - _2q1 * ax + 4.0f * q2q2 * q3 - _2q2 * ay; recipNorm = invSqrt(s0 * s0 + s1 * s1 + s2 * s2 + s3 * s3); // normalise step magnitude s0 *= recipNorm; s1 *= recipNorm; s2 *= recipNorm; s3 *= recipNorm; // Apply feedback step qDot1 -= beta * s0; qDot2 -= beta * s1; qDot3 -= beta * s2; qDot4 -= beta * s3; } // Integrate rate of change of quaternion to yield quaternion q0 += qDot1 * (1.0f / sampleFreq); q1 += qDot2 * (1.0f / sampleFreq); q2 += qDot3 * (1.0f / sampleFreq); q3 += qDot4 * (1.0f / sampleFreq); // Normalise quaternion recipNorm = invSqrt(q0 * q0 + q1 * q1 + q2 * q2 + q3 * q3); q0 *= recipNorm; q1 *= recipNorm; q2 *= recipNorm; q3 *= recipNorm; Pitch = asin(-2.0f * (q1*q3 - q0*q2))* 57.3f; Roll = atan2(q0*q1 + q2*q3, 0.5f - q1*q1 - q2*q2) * 57.3f; Yaw = atan2(q1*q2 + q0*q3, 0.5f - q2*q2 - q3*q3)* 57.3f; } void MadgwickAHRSupdate_9(float gx, float gy, float gz, float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz) { float recipNorm; float s0, s1, s2, s3; float qDot1, qDot2, qDot3, qDot4; float hx, hy; float _2q0mx, _2q0my, _2q0mz, _2q1mx, _2bx, _2bz, _4bx, _4bz, _2q0, _2q1, _2q2, _2q3, _2q0q2, _2q2q3, q0q0, q0q1, q0q2, q0q3, q1q1, q1q2, q1q3, q2q2, q2q3, q3q3; // Use IMU algorithm if magnetometer measurement invalid (avoids NaN in magnetometer normalisation) if((mx == 0.0f) && (my == 0.0f) && (mz == 0.0f)) { MadgwickAHRSupdate_6(gx, gy, gz, ax, ay, az); return; } //将陀螺仪AD值转换为 弧度/s gx = gx * GYRO_K; gy = gy * GYRO_K; gz = gz * GYRO_K; // Rate of change of quaternion from gyroscope qDot1 = 0.5f * (-q1 * gx - q2 * gy - q3 * gz); qDot2 = 0.5f * (q0 * gx + q2 * gz - q3 * gy); qDot3 = 0.5f * (q0 * gy - q1 * gz + q3 * gx); qDot4 = 0.5f * (q0 * gz + q1 * gy - q2 * gx); // Compute feedback only if accelerometer measurement valid (avoids NaN in accelerometer normalisation) if(!((ax == 0.0f) && (ay == 0.0f) && (az == 0.0f))) { // Normalise accelerometer measurement recipNorm = invSqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay + az * az); ax *= recipNorm; ay *= recipNorm; az *= recipNorm; // Normalise magnetometer measurement recipNorm = invSqrt(mx * mx + my * my + mz * mz); mx *= recipNorm; my *= recipNorm; mz *= recipNorm; // Auxiliary variables to avoid repeated arithmetic _2q0mx = 2.0f * q0 * mx; _2q0my = 2.0f * q0 * my; _2q0mz = 2.0f * q0 * mz; _2q1mx = 2.0f * q1 * mx; _2q0 = 2.0f * q0; _2q1 = 2.0f * q1; _2q2 = 2.0f * q2; _2q3 = 2.0f * q3; _2q0q2 = 2.0f * q0 * q2; _2q2q3 = 2.0f * q2 * q3; q0q0 = q0 * q0; q0q1 = q0 * q1; q0q2 = q0 * q2; q0q3 = q0 * q3; q1q1 = q1 * q1; q1q2 = q1 * q2; q1q3 = q1 * q3; q2q2 = q2 * q2; q2q3 = q2 * q3; q3q3 = q3 * q3; // Reference direction of Earth's magnetic field hx = mx * q0q0 - _2q0my * q3 + _2q0mz * q2 + mx * q1q1 + _2q1 * my * q2 + _2q1 * mz * q3 - mx * q2q2 - mx * q3q3; hy = _2q0mx * q3 + my * q0q0 - _2q0mz * q1 + _2q1mx * q2 - my * q1q1 + my * q2q2 + _2q2 * mz * q3 - my * q3q3; _2bx = sqrt(hx * hx + hy * hy); _2bz = -_2q0mx * q2 + _2q0my * q1 + mz * q0q0 + _2q1mx * q3 - mz * q1q1 + _2q2 * my * q3 - mz * q2q2 + mz * q3q3; _4bx = 2.0f * _2bx; _4bz = 2.0f * _2bz; // Gradient decent algorithm corrective step s0 = -_2q2 * (2.0f * q1q3 - _2q0q2 - ax) + _2q1 * (2.0f * q0q1 + _2q2q3 - ay) - _2bz * q2 * (_2bx * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) + _2bz * (q1q3 - q0q2) - mx) + (-_2bx * q3 + _2bz * q1) * (_2bx * (q1q2 - q0q3) + _2bz * (q0q1 + q2q3) - my) + _2bx * q2 * (_2bx * (q0q2 + q1q3) + _2bz * (0.5f - q1q1 - q2q2) - mz); s1 = _2q3 * (2.0f * q1q3 - _2q0q2 - ax) + _2q0 * (2.0f * q0q1 + _2q2q3 - ay) - 4.0f * q1 * (1 - 2.0f * q1q1 - 2.0f * q2q2 - az) + _2bz * q3 * (_2bx * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) + _2bz * (q1q3 - q0q2) - mx) + (_2bx * q2 + _2bz * q0) * (_2bx * (q1q2 - q0q3) + _2bz * (q0q1 + q2q3) - my) + (_2bx * q3 - _4bz * q1) * (_2bx * (q0q2 + q1q3) + _2bz * (0.5f - q1q1 - q2q2) - mz); s2 = -_2q0 * (2.0f * q1q3 - _2q0q2 - ax) + _2q3 * (2.0f * q0q1 + _2q2q3 - ay) - 4.0f * q2 * (1 - 2.0f * q1q1 - 2.0f * q2q2 - az) + (-_4bx * q2 - _2bz * q0) * (_2bx * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) + _2bz * (q1q3 - q0q2) - mx) + (_2bx * q1 + _2bz * q3) * (_2bx * (q1q2 - q0q3) + _2bz * (q0q1 + q2q3) - my) + (_2bx * q0 - _4bz * q2) * (_2bx * (q0q2 + q1q3) + _2bz * (0.5f - q1q1 - q2q2) - mz); s3 = _2q1 * (2.0f * q1q3 - _2q0q2 - ax) + _2q2 * (2.0f * q0q1 + _2q2q3 - ay) + (-_4bx * q3 + _2bz * q1) * (_2bx * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) + _2bz * (q1q3 - q0q2) - mx) + (-_2bx * q0 + _2bz * q2) * (_2bx * (q1q2 - q0q3) + _2bz * (q0q1 + q2q3) - my) + _2bx * q1 * (_2bx * (q0q2 + q1q3) + _2bz * (0.5f - q1q1 - q2q2) - mz); recipNorm = invSqrt(s0 * s0 + s1 * s1 + s2 * s2 + s3 * s3); // normalise step magnitude s0 *= recipNorm; s1 *= recipNorm; s2 *= recipNorm; s3 *= recipNorm; // Apply feedback step qDot1 -= beta * s0; qDot2 -= beta * s1; qDot3 -= beta * s2; qDot4 -= beta * s3; } // Integrate rate of change of quaternion to yield quaternion q0 += qDot1 * (1.0f / sampleFreq); q1 += qDot2 * (1.0f / sampleFreq); q2 += qDot3 * (1.0f / sampleFreq); q3 += qDot4 * (1.0f / sampleFreq); // Normalise quaternion recipNorm = invSqrt(q0 * q0 + q1 * q1 + q2 * q2 + q3 * q3); q0 *= recipNorm; q1 *= recipNorm; q2 *= recipNorm; q3 *= recipNorm; Pitch = asin(-2.0f * (q1*q3 - q0*q2))* 57.3f; Roll = atan2(q0*q1 + q2*q3, 0.5f - q1*q1 - q2*q2) * 57.3f; Yaw = atan2(q1*q2 + q0*q3, 0.5f - q2*q2 - q3*q3)* 57.3f; } //==================================================================================================== // END OF CODE //==================================================================================================== Madgwick_9.h #ifndef Madgwick_9_H_ #define Madgwick_9_H_ extern float Pitch, Roll, Yaw; extern float q0, q1, q2, q3; void MPU6050_Madgwick_Init(float loop_ms); void MadgwickAHRSupdate_6(float gx, float gy, float gz, float ax, float ay, float az); void MadgwickAHRSupdate_9(float gx, float gy, float gz, float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz); #endif 使用方法 先调用MPU6050_Madgwick_Init(dt),参数为一次循环的时间,单位为ms 再使用MadgwickAHRSupdate_9姿态融合函数。 测试 陀螺仪、磁力计的原始数据经校准后输入MadgwickAHRSupdate_9函数 main.c #include #include 'intrins.h' #include 'stdint.h' #include 'USART.h' #include './Software_I2C/Software_I2C.h' #include 'XMC5883L.h' #include './MPU6050/MPU6050.h' #include './MPU6050/Madgwick_9.h' void Delay1ms() //@22.1184MHz { unsigned char i, j; _nop_(); _nop_(); i = 22; j = 128; do { while (--j); } while (--i); } void delay_ms(uint32_t ms) { while(ms --) Delay1ms(); } #define LED_PORT P0 void main(void) { int16_t mag_x, mag_y, mag_z; int16_t aacx,aacy,aacz; //加速度传感器原始数据 int16_t gyrox,gyroy,gyroz; //陀螺仪原始数据 MPU_Init(); xmc5883lInit(); AUXR &= 0xBF; //定时器时钟12T模式 1T的51使用12T的定时器程序时需要加入这两句 AUXR &= 0xFE; //串口1选择定时器1为波特率发生器 USART_Init(USART_MODE_1, Rx_ENABLE, STC_USART_Priority_Lowest, 22118400, 115200, DOUBLE_BAUD_ENABLE, USART_TIMER_1); MPU6050_Madgwick_Init(10.48); while(1) { MPU_Get_Accelerometer(&aacx, &aacy, &aacz); //得到加速度传感器数据 MPU_Get_Gyroscope(&gyrox, &gyroy, &gyroz); //得到陀螺仪数据 xmc5883lRead(&mag_x, &mag_y, &mag_z); MadgwickAHRSupdate_9(gyrox+7, gyroy+23, gyroz-1, aacx, aacy, aacz, 1.108270606866881 * (mag_x + 297.2882033958856), 0.9218994400020794 * (mag_y + 3088.0092054124193), 0.9871899380641738 * (mag_z + 782.925290575134)); printf('%f, ', Pitch); printf('%f, ', Roll); printf('%frn', Yaw); } } 效果