2021年12月20日 | STM32嵌入式FLASH擦除与写入

嵌入式Flash

Flash具有以下主要特性:

1.对于STM32F40x和 STM32F41x，容量高达1 MB;对于STM32F42x和STM32F43x，容量高达2MB。128位宽数据读取---------意思就是128/8=16（字节）

2.字节、半字、字和双字数据写入----对应一个字节，两个字节，四个字节，八个字节。（推荐以字读取和写入，即四个字节，刚好32位）

3.扇区擦除与全部擦除

扇区擦除就像你删除电脑的C盘内容，不删除D-F盘内容一样。

扇区擦除完的数据都为0XFF

4.存储器组织结构Flash 结构如下:

-主存储器块，分为4个16 KB扇区、1个64 KB扇区和7个128 KB扇区-系统存储器，器件在系统存储器自举模式下从该存储器启动

编程的时候，要注意写入数据是在哪个扇区，而且要知道扇区地址，不能够超过芯片的FLASH大小，例如你是512KB的，最多就到扇区7。

512字节OTP (一次性可编程,once time program)，用于存储用户数据。OTP区域还有16个额外字节，用于锁定对应的OTP数据块。选项字节，用于配置读写保护、BOR级别、软件/硬件看门狗以及器件处于待机或停止模式下的复位。低功耗模式（有关详细信息，请参见参考手册的“电源控制(PWR)”部分)

STM32片内自带SRAM和FLASH，FLASH是用来存储程序的，SRAM是用来存储程序运行中的中间变量，通常不同型号的STM32的SRAM和FLASH大小是不相同的。例如STM32L431RCT6,SRAM容量大小为64KB，闪存FLASH的容量大小为256KB。

库函数的识别方法：硬件开头+大小写结合，ucos系统的代码量可能有100kb。

编程（根据固件库手册的例子进行模仿编写）

（1）解锁保护机制

（2）清空标志位

（3）获取扇区的起始地址和末地址（用于擦除扇区）

（4）使用循环，擦除扇区

（5）写入数据（一定要先擦除，才能写入数据）

（6）读取数据，验证是否正确写入

（7）锁定FLASH，进行保护

#include "stm32f4xx.h"

#include "stm32f4xx_gpio.h"

#include "stm32f4xx_rcc.h"

#include "stm32f4xx_usart.h"

#include "stdio.h"

static GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStructure;

static USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;

static NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

//重定义fputc函数 

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)

{

USART_SendData(USART1,ch);

while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE)==RESET);  

return ch;

}   

void delay_us(uint32_t nus)

{

uint32_t temp;      

SysTick->LOAD =SystemCoreClock/8/1000000*nus; //时间加载    

SysTick->VAL  =0x00;        //清空计数器

SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ; //使能滴答定时器开始倒数  

do

{

temp=SysTick->CTRL;

}while((temp&0x01)&&!(temp&(1<<16))); //等待时间到达   

SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk; //关闭计数器

SysTick->VAL =0X00;        //清空计数器 

}

void delay_ms(uint16_t nms)

{     

uint32_t temp;    

SysTick->LOAD=SystemCoreClock/8/1000*nms; //时间加载(SysTick->LOAD为24bit)

SysTick->VAL =0x00;            //清空计数器

SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;    //能滴答定时器开始倒数 

do

{

temp=SysTick->CTRL;

}while((temp&0x01)&&!(temp&(1<<16))); //等待时间到达   

SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;    //关闭计数器

SysTick->VAL =0X00;        //清空计数器       

} 

void USART1_Init(uint32_t baud)

{

RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE); //使能GPIOA时钟

RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE); //使能USART1时钟

//串口1对应引脚复用映射

GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource9,GPIO_AF_USART1); //GPIOA9复用为USART1

GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource10,GPIO_AF_USART1); //GPIOA10复用为USART1

//USART1端口配置

GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9 | GPIO_Pin_10; //GPIOA9与GPIOA10

GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF; //复用功能

GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //速度50MHz

GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP; //推挽复用输出

GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP; //上拉

GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure); //初始化PA9，PA10

//USART1 初始化设置

USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = baud; //波特率设置

USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //字长为8位数据格式

USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //一个停止位

USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No; //无奇偶校验位

USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None; //无硬件数据流控制

USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx; //收发模式

USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //初始化串口1

USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);  //使能串口1 

USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE); //开启相关中断

//Usart1 NVIC 配置

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn; //串口1中断通道

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3; //抢占优先级3

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3; //子优先级3

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道使能

NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //根据指定的参数初始化VIC寄存器

}

uint32_t uwStartSector = 0;

uint32_t uwEndSector = 0;

uint32_t uwAddress = 0;

uint32_t uwSectorCounter = 0;

__IO uint32_t uwData32 = 0;

__IO uint32_t uwMemoryProgramStatus = 0;

//这些地址从F4中文手册的第三章FLASH可以查到

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_0     ((uint32_t)0x08000000) /* Base address of Sector 0, 16 Kbytes   */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1     ((uint32_t)0x08004000) /* Base address of Sector 1, 16 Kbytes   */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2     ((uint32_t)0x08008000) /* Base address of Sector 2, 16 Kbytes   */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3     ((uint32_t)0x0800C000) /* Base address of Sector 3, 16 Kbytes   */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4     ((uint32_t)0x08010000) /* Base address of Sector 4, 64 Kbytes   */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5     ((uint32_t)0x08020000) /* Base address of Sector 5, 128 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6     ((uint32_t)0x08040000) /* Base address of Sector 6, 128 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7     ((uint32_t)0x08060000) /* Base address of Sector 7, 128 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8     ((uint32_t)0x08080000) /* Base address of Sector 8, 128 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9     ((uint32_t)0x080A0000) /* Base address of Sector 9, 128 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10    ((uint32_t)0x080C0000) /* Base address of Sector 10, 128 Kbytes */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11    ((uint32_t)0x080E0000) /* Base address of Sector 11, 128 Kbytes */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12     ((uint32_t)0x08100000) /* Base address of Sector 12, 16 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13     ((uint32_t)0x08104000) /* Base address of Sector 13, 16 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14     ((uint32_t)0x08108000) /* Base address of Sector 14, 16 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15     ((uint32_t)0x0810C000) /* Base address of Sector 15, 16 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16     ((uint32_t)0x08110000) /* Base address of Sector 16, 64 Kbytes  */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17     ((uint32_t)0x08120000) /* Base address of Sector 17, 128 Kbytes */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18     ((uint32_t)0x08140000) /* Base address of Sector 18, 128 Kbytes */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_19     ((uint32_t)0x08160000) /* Base address of Sector 19, 128 Kbytes */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_20     ((uint32_t)0x08180000) /* Base address of Sector 20, 128 Kbytes */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_21     ((uint32_t)0x081A0000) /* Base address of Sector 21, 128 Kbytes */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_22     ((uint32_t)0x081C0000) /* Base address of Sector 22, 128 Kbytes */

#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_23     ((uint32_t)0x081E0000) /* Base address of Sector 23, 128 Kbytes */

//这里就以6起始，7结束

#define FLASH_USER_START_ADDR   ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6   /* Start address of user Flash area */

#define FLASH_USER_END_ADDR     ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7  /* End address of user Flash area */

//获取扇区地址

static uint32_t GetSector(uint32_t Address)

{

uint32_t sector = 0;

if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_0))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_0;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_1;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_2;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_3;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_4;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_5;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_6;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_7;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_8;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_9;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_10;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_11;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_12;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_13;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_14;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_15;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_16;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17))

{

sector = FLASH_Sector_17;  

}

else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_19) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18))