STM32系统时钟

一、时钟树

STM32有4个时钟源：

1）HSE（高速外部时钟源）　　外部晶振作为时钟源，范围为4~16MHz，常取为8MHz

2）HSI（高速内部时钟源）　　由内部RC振荡器产生，频率为8MHz，但不稳定

3）LSE（低速外部时钟）　　   以外部晶振作为时钟源，主要供给实时时钟模块，一般用32.768KHz。

4）LSI（低速内部时钟）         由内部RC振荡器产生，也是提供给实时时钟模块，频率约为40KHz。

二、系统启动过程中时钟设置过程

　　以使用STM32库函数SystemInit为例进行说明：

上电后：默认使用HSI

SystemInit:　倘若调用了函数SetSysClockTo72，将启用外部晶振HSE，并将系统时钟设置到72MHz。

附SetSysClockTo72函数代码：

/**

  * @brief  Sets System clock frequency to 72MHz and configure HCLK, PCLK2 

  *         and PCLK1 prescalers. 

  * @note   This function should be used only after reset.

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */

static void SetSysClockTo72(void)

{

  __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;

  /* SYSCLK, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 configuration ---------------------------*/    

  /* Enable HSE */    

  RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON);

  /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */

  do

  {

    HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;

    StartUpCounter++;  

  } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT));

  if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)

  {

    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;

  }

  else

  {

    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;

  }  

  if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)

  {

    /* Enable Prefetch Buffer */

    FLASH->ACR |= FLASH_ACR_PRFTBE;

    /* Flash 2 wait state */

    FLASH->ACR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~FLASH_ACR_LATENCY);

    FLASH->ACR |= (uint32_t)FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2;    

    /* HCLK = SYSCLK */

    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;

    /* PCLK2 = HCLK */

    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;

    /* PCLK1 = HCLK */

    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;

#ifdef STM32F10X_CL

    /* Configure PLLs ------------------------------------------------------*/

    /* PLL2 configuration: PLL2CLK = (HSE / 5) * 8 = 40 MHz */

    /* PREDIV1 configuration: PREDIV1CLK = PLL2 / 5 = 8 MHz */

    RCC->CFGR2 &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL |

                              RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC);

    RCC->CFGR2 |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2_DIV5 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL8 |

                             RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC_PLL2 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1_DIV5);

    /* Enable PLL2 */

    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLL2ON;

    /* Wait till PLL2 is ready */

    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLL2RDY) == 0)

    {

    }

    /* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = PREDIV1 * 9 = 72 MHz */ 

    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL);

    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_PREDIV1 | 

                            RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9); 

#else    

    /*  PLL configuration: PLLCLK = HSE * 9 = 72 MHz */

    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE |

                                        RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL));

    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9);

#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */

    /* Enable PLL */

    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;

    /* Wait till PLL is ready */

    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)

    {

    }

    /* Select PLL as system clock source */

    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));

    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;    

    /* Wait till PLL is used as system clock source */

    while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS) != (uint32_t)0x08)

    {

    }

  }

  else

  { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock 

         configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */

  }

}